I can provide some factoids from a physics perspective:
Microwaves are loosely defined in physics and engineering circles to be electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of about .75 to 5 GHz (or 750-5000 MHz). That is, it is similar to the light that humans can see, but with a much lower frequency and a much higher wavelength.
One way that microwaves interacts with humans (or "meat" in general) is to jiggle the water molecules, the water molecules collide with each other releasing heat. Microwaves penetrate into the volume of the object a distance that depends on the water content and the electrical conductivity. For live humans, microwaves can penetrate on order of a centimeter or so. Eyes are particularly delicate as they can't sweat to remove excess heat and depend only on blood circulation to regulate temperature. I don't have the background needed to comment on whether the electromagnetic fields from microwaves can inhibit or interfere with nuerological function. I worked with and around high power microwave devices for more than a decade and did not observe in myself or my coworkers any signs that would cause me to question the safety of what we were doing.
The common sources for microwaves are microwave ovens and communications equipment such as cell phones, cordless phones, baby monitors, bluetooth devices etc.
From memory, (which means take this with a large grain of salt) the U.S. OSHA safety people say that you may expose workers without telling them (uninformed exposure) for 8 hours a day to microwave sources of powers up to 5 mW/cm2, the informed exposure limit is 8 mW/cm2. These levels are far above what you would find from a microwave oven door (my experience is that an oven door is on order of .5-1 mW/cm2) or the energy "floating" around from communication devices. I have heard, but cannot say with any reliability that cell phones can have pretty high energies for short times, which is especially worrisome as they are typically positioned near the brain and eyes when in use.
Personally, its my opinion that with the infrequent use of a cell phone, there isn't a whole lot of risk, especially in light of such other risks as driving a car, eating most commercially provided foodstuffs, etc. But if you wish to minimize exposure to microwaves, get rid of the wireless communication devices.
That said, there are other frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that are constantly flooding us as well. Everything from flickering fluorescent lights to the the electromagnetic fields generated in a hair dryer provide some risk. (Again, my opinion is that the sum total of all the EM risks are relatively low compared to other risks in the modern and post modern lifestyle.)
I have no idea how microwaves or any other type of electromagnetic radiation interacts with subtle and gross bodies. It would be interesting to see how someone would tackle that question.
Brian